What we measure

Our intestinal flora analysis is presented under four categories:

  • Potentially pathogenic bacteria
  • Bacteria that may be associated with health problems
  • Diversity and F / B ratio
  • Bacteria associated with good health

Bacteria associated with good health

These bacteria considered both necessary and beneficial, with high values deemed favorable to your entire body.

The bacteria Akkermansia

Akkermansia is a bacterium that in some studies has been shown to stimulate growth of the intestinal protective mucus layer in which it also lives (1, 2). A couple of studies have shown a reduced amount of Akkermansia in high body weight (3-8), type 1 and 2 diabetes in mice (9) and humans (10, 11), and in a type of autoimmune colon inflammation (12).

Akkermansia has in a study been shown to produce propionic acid which has an anti-inflammatory effect. Together with the protection from the intestinal mucosa, this indicates that Akkermansia could help maintain a protection for the intestinal mucosa (13).

Since the low incidence of Akkermansia has been seen in obesity, research is being done on how to prepare a probiotic preparation (live bacteria) (14) from Akkermansia for help in obesity.

More information about Akkermansia.

The lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium

Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are bacteria that in a sufficient amount can affect the body positively. Some of these bacteria have been shown to lower cholesterol levels in the blood (1), others may help break down lactose (2), they may have the potential to counteract irritable bowel syndrome (3), others may relieve eczema (but not allergies; 4, 5) and some could help counteract chronic constipation (6).

Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (7, 8) have in some studies been shown potential to inhibit pathogenic microbes (9), balance the body's immune system (10, 11), and promote the production of butyric acid and propionic acid (see below), amino acids (12 ) and vitamins (13).

The bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has in studies shown potential to be able to supply nutrients to the cells in the colon mucosa (1, 2), have an anti-inflammatory effect in the intestine (3) and contribute to reduced adipose tissue inflammation in the body (increased amount of adipose tissue is considered to contribute to low-grade inflammation; 4) . The presence of Faecallibacterium prausnitzii could in one study be linked to increased insulin sensitivity (decreased insulin requirement) in type 2 diabetes (5).

Bakcteria that produce butyrate and propionate

Research studies have shown that the fatty acids butyric acid and propionic acid, which can be produced by certain bacteria in the intestinal flora, could have anti-inflammatory properties (1-5), but could also contribute to reduced appetite and reduced food intake in mice (6-9) and humans. (10,11), and possibly affect the metabolism positively (12-20). Butyric acid has also been shown to help improve the intestinal barrier function by reduce its permeability increased permeability in the intestine may lead to toxic substances passing through the intestinal mucosa and further out into the body (21-24)).

A growing number of scientific studies suggest that butyric acid and to some extent also propionic acid could play a role in the prevention of certain colon diseases such as ulcerative colitis and colon cancer (25-29).

The ability of the intestinal flora to digest lactose

Studies have shown that certain bacteria could break down lactose into a product that causes less bloating or diarrhea, which may be relevant for people who are sensitive to lactose (1-3).

Bacteira that produce folic acid

Humans need folic acid to build up and repair DNA, which is relevant since we are daily exposed to a variety of harmful substances, including from our food. Folic acid is found in a number of foods and is absorbed in the small intestine (1). Research shows that folic acid can be produced by certain intestinal bacteria. This could mean that a local production of folic acid in the gut can potentially benefit the cells in the lining of the colon by contributing to an optimal DNA repair (2-4).

Bacteria that may be associated with health problems

Bacteria that have been shown to be associated with IBS and type 2 diabetes are shown here (however, it has not been proven that these can cause diseases). In general, you should preferably have as low levels of these as possible.

Bacteroides vulgatus

The intestinal mucosa is covered with a layer of protective mucus, which normally builds up at the same rate as it breaks down. Scientific studies have shown that Bacteroides vulgatus has the ability to break down this layer of protective mucus. (1-6). This in itself does not have to result any health problems, but if you have higher levels of these bacteria as well as problems with gas, stomach pain and cramps, it may be of interest to try to lower the levels of these bacteria. Scientific studies have also shown that higher levels of Bacteroides vulgatus may be associated with inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis in animals, (7) in Crohn's disease, (8-11) where Bacteroides vulgatus is thought to be able to prevent healing of the mucous membrane(12). High levels of this bacteria has bee associated with pre-diabetes and type -2 diabetes. (13, 14).

Ruminococcus gnavus

The intestinal lining is covered with a protective layer of mucus called mucin. Scientific studies have shown that the bacteria Ruminococcus gnavus has the ability to digest this protective layer of mucus. With low levels of this bacteria this is not necessarily coupled to any health problems, but if you have higher levels of these bacteria as well as problems with gas, stomach pain and cramps, it may be of interest to try to lower the levels of these bacteria.

Scientific studies have shown that higher levels of Ruminococcus gnavus are associated with IBS and inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, but a trend towards higher levels in pre-diabetes and type-2 diabetes have also been observed. Interestingly, higher levels of Ruminococcus gnavus have been found in children with eczema and asthma.

Ruminococcus torques

Why may it be desirable to reduce Ruminococcus torques? Scientific studies in animals have shown that Ruminococcus torques has the ability to break down the intestinal mucosal protective layer of mucus (1-4) which in itself does not necessarily mean any health problems, but if you have higher levels of these bacteria and problems with gas, stomach pain and cramps so it may be of interest to try to bring down the levels of these bacteria. Higher levels of Ruminococcus torques have been shown to be associated with IBS (5-7) and inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. (3, 8-9) Results after bariatric surgery (intestinal by-pass against obesity) and improved diabetes type 2 showed interestingly lowered levels of Ruminococcus torques. (10).

Diversity and F/B ratio

Here you will find out the diversity (species richness) of your intestinal flora and the relationship between the bacterial groups Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.

Diversity (species richness)

Studies of bacterial species richness can be compared to an analysis of a complicated ecosystem (1-6). If you have a low species richness of intestinal bacteria, you can try to increase the levels of bacteria with the help of diet and supplements. Studies have shown that dietary changes resulted in increased species richness of bacteria in the gut (7-9) and were linked to a lower risk of weight gain (10).

The reation (relationship) between the bacterial groups Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes

Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the two largest bacterial groups in the intestinal flora. The microbes that belong to these genera are, on the whole, considered beneficial to the body. Problems can arise when there is a relative imbalance in the proportion between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Increased growth of Firmicutes at the expense of Bacteroidetes has for instance been observed in obesity and inflammatory bowel disease.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria

Here you will, for example, find bacteriea related to “food poisoning” (also called tourist diarrhea). In general one should preferably have as low levels of these as possible.

Here you will find our references

Scientific references
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